Comprehensive notes and solved exercises for Class 10 English Chapter 4 First Aid. Learn emergency medical treatment procedures, first aid kit contents, and grammar exercises.
We all need help at times in our lives. Sometimes we may have accidents and we may get injured. When we are injured or suddenly become unwell, we need someone to help us—someone who knows what to do. It is the temporary and immediate help. This timely assistance, comprising simple medical techniques, is most critical to the victims and is, often, life saving. Any lay person can be trained to administer first aid. This First Aid can be carried out using minimal equipment. First aid knowledge ranges from taking care of cuts to dealing with an unconscious victim.
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Handling minor accidents at home or on the road develops a sense of crisis management. This may prepare people to tackle with unexpected emergencies with great confidence. Minor cuts and scrapes usually do not need to go to the emergency room. Yet proper care is essential to avoid infection or other complications. Following guidelines can help you handle crisis and take care of all.
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Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If they don't, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. Hold the pressure continuously for 20 to 30 seconds and if possible elevate the wound. Don't keep checking to see if the bleeding has stopped because this may damage or dislodge the clot that is forming and cause bleeding to resume. If blood spurts or continues flowing after continuous pressure, seek medical assistance.
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Rinse out the wound with clear water. To clean the area around the wound, use soap and a washcloth. But soap can irritate the wound, so try to keep it out of the actual wound. If dirt or debris remains in the wound after washing, use tweezers cleaned with alcohol to remove the particles. If debris still remains, see your doctor. Thorough cleaning reduces the risk of infection and tetanus.
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After you clean the wound, apply a thin layer of antibiotic cream or ointment to help keep the surface moist. The products don't make the wound heal faster, but they can help your body's natural healing process work fast. Certain ingredients used in some ointments can cause a mild rash in some people. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
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Bandages can help keep the wound clean and keep harmful bacteria out. After the wound has healed enough to make infection unlikely, exposure to the air will speed wound healing.
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Change the dressing at least daily or whenever it becomes wet or dirty. If you are allergic to the adhesive used in most bandages, switch to adhesive-free dressings or sterile gauze held in place with paper tape, gauze roll or a loosely applied elastic bandage. These supplies generally are available at pharmacies.
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See your doctor if the wound is not healing or you notice any redness, increasing pain, drainage, warmth or swelling.
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Every office, factory, home and school should have an accessible first-aid box with the following recommended basic contents: 1. First Aid Book - Clearly explains how to handle basic problems. 2. Band-aids (Plasters) - Band aids or sticking plasters are good for dressing small wounds. They come in all shapes and sizes for fingers, legs and anywhere else you might get little cuts. Make sure the Band aid is big enough to cover the wound. 3. Elastic Bandages - The elastic bandages are good for wrapping sprained joints or making a sling in the case of a broken arm. 4. Gauze and Adhesive Tape - Gauze pads or rolls are cloth pads that are placed directly on a wound to protect and control bleeding (for larger cuts and scrapes). You will need adhesive tape to keep the gauze in place. In an emergency, a clean cloth, hand towel, clean tee-shirt can be used to cover the wound. 5. Antiseptic Wipes (Alcohol Swabs) and Cotton Wool 6. Safety Pins and Tweezers 7. Scissors - A pair of scissors is needed to cut the tape and gauze. 8. Latex Gloves - Latex gloves are always a good idea, especially if you are dealing with body fluids from a stranger. 9. Calamine Lotion - Calamine lotion is used for soothing sunburns and stings. 10. Clinical Thermometer 11. Analgesic Tablets - Such as aspirin or paracetamol.
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