Comprehensive notes, solved MCQs, and Short Questions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 13 Biochemistry. Covers Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids and Vitamins.
Definition: Branch of chemistry dealing with chemical components and chemical processes in living organisms.
Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA). Synthesized by plants (Photosynthesis) or animals.
Definition: Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. General Formula Cn(H2O)n. Main source of energy.
Classification:
Sources: Glucose, Fructose (Fruits), Sucrose (Sugar cane), Starch (Cereals), Cellulose (Cotton).
Uses: Energy source, regulate blood sugar, fiber helps digestion.
Definition: Polymers of Amino Acids containing C, H, O, N and S.
Amino Acids: Building blocks. General Formula R-CH(NH2)-COOH. 20 types (10 Essential - diet dependent, 10 Non-essential - body synthesized). Linked by Peptide Linkage (-CO-NH-).
Sources: Animal (Meat, Egg, Milk), Plants (Pulses, Beans).
Uses: Formation of protoplasm, enzymes, antibodies, gelatin, leather (hides).
Definition: Macromolecules made of Fatty Acids and Glycerol. Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents. High energy source.
Structure: Triglycerides (Esters of Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids).
Classification:
Hydrogenation: Vegetable Oil + H2 (Ni catalyst) -> Vegetable Ghee (Margarine).
Definition: Long chain molecules made of Nucleotides (Nitrogenous base + Pentose sugar + Phosphate). Discovered by Friedrich Miescher.
Types:
Definition: Essential organic compounds required in small quantities for growth and metabolism. Accessory growth factors.
Types:
Definition: Biological catalysts (Proteins) that speed up biochemical reactions.
Uses: Digestion, Fermentation, Detergents (Lipase/Amylase), Bread making, Dairy industry.