Build the web with 9th Class Computer Science Chapter 8 Web Development notes. Learn HTML structure, CSS styling, and JavaScript interactivity.
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Web Development is the process of building and maintaining websites. It involves aspects like web design, web publishing, web programming, and database management. It is a valuable skill for digital literacy, career opportunities, and problem-solving.
Frontend Development is the part of the website that users see and interact with (Client-side). It uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Backend Development is the behind-the-scenes logic (Server-side) that powers the website, using databases and server scripts (e.g., PHP, Python).
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages. It provides the structure of the website, like the skeleton. It was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. The latest version is HTML5.
A standard HTML document starts with <!DOCTYPE html> followed by the <html> tag. It contains two main sections: <head> (meta-info, title) and <body> (visible content).
HTML uses tags to define elements. Paired tags have an opening and closing tag (e.g., <p>...</p>). Unpaired (Self-closing) tags do not have a closing tag (e.g., <br>, <img>).
HTML provides tags to format text.
Headings: <h1> to <h6> (largest to smallest).
Paragraph: <p> defines a paragraph block.
Links: <a href='url'>Link Text</a> creates hyperlinks.
Ordered List (<ol>): Numbered list items (1, 2, 3).
Unordered List (<ul>): Bulleted list items.
Values in both are defined using the <li> (List Item) tag.
Tables display data in rows and columns. Defined with <table>. Rows use <tr>, headers use <th>, and data cells use <td>.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style specific HTML elements (font, color, layout). It separates content (HTML) from presentation (CSS). Can be Inline, Internal (in <head>), or External (linked file).
CSS rules consist of a selector and a declaration block. Example: h1 { color: blue; font-size: 12px; }. Common properties include color, font-family, background-color, etc.
JavaScript is a programming language that makes websites interactive and dynamic. It controls the behavior of web pages (e.g., animations, form validation). It can be included via <script> tags.
Variables are containers for storing data values. Declared using var, let, or const. Example: var name = 'Ali';.
Functions are blocks of code designed to perform a particular task. They are executed when 'called'. Example: function greet() { alert('Hello'); }.
Events are actions that happen to HTML elements, like clicks or mouse movements. JS can react to these events using handlers like onclick, onmouseover, etc.
Debugging is finding and fixing errors. Tools: Browser Developer Tools (Console). Common issues: Broken links, Syntax errors in HTML/CSS/JS.